Monday, August 25, 2008

Tips for CCIE Candidate

A. TEN TIPS FOR TAKING THE LAB EXAM
1. Read the entire exam first and check for addressing issues. Do not skip any details or sections.
2. Manage your time. Make a plan to cover all the sections in the time provided. Work out how much time you will spend on each section, keeping in mind the point value of the questions. Don’t forget to allow time at the end to verify your solutions.
3. Clarify the requirements of each question. Don’t assume requirements that aren’t mentioned in the question. During the lab, if you are in any doubt, verify your understanding of the question with the proctor.
4. Do each question as a unit. Configure and verify before moving to the next question. You may want to redraw the topology with all the details available. This will help you visualize and map the network.
5. Troubleshoot. You must know how to troubleshoot using the tools available. Although troubleshooting is important, don’t lose too much time working on a 2- or 3-point question. If you’re caught off-guard by an unfamiliar topic, don’t let it absorb too much time. Work on the things you are more comfortable with and go back to difficult items later.
6. Keep a list. During the exam, make notes on configurations and settings as you move through the exam. Make a separate list for items you have not been able to address or where you have not achieved the desired result which you’ll need to revisit.
7. Test your work. Never rely on a configuration done in the early hours of the exam. There is a possibility that an item you configured a few sections earlier can become broken and non-functional. Keep in mind that points are awarded for working configuration only.
8. Save your configurations often.
9. Don’t make any drastic changes in the last half hour of the exam.
10. Speed is vital on the exam. Review and practice core material the week before the exam to ensure you can move quickly through the less challenging questions.


B.R&S Lab Diagram

There are a lot of rumors floating around in regards to diagrams in the R&S CCIE lab. Cisco officially has said little in regards to this other than the following “the lab document has L1/L2 diagrams for the physical connectivity as well as an IP or topology diagram and an IP Routing diagram”. This is similar to what we provide in our labs but I would venture to say that they don’t take the time we do to ensure that they look as nice as ours What Cisco and we do not provide is a true layer 2 “logical” diagram but Cisco and we do provide is a physical diagram of the connections in the lab. A physical diagram is not the same as a logical layer 2 diagram. A logical layer 2 diagram will include the VLAN assignments, trunks, EtherChannels, dot1q tunnels, VTP and possibly spanning tree information like root bridges, root ports, designated ports, etc. The choice to draw out the spanning tree information will really come down to the lab itself. If there are a lot of tasks that relate to spanning tree or layer 2 traffic engineering (i.e. traffic for VLAN 100 should transit SW3, etc) then adding the spanning tree information will help answer these types of tasks.
The logical layer 3 diagram will be provided BUT the diagram they provide may not have the level of detail you want or need plus you can not write on the diagram they give you. Technically you can write on it but they will suspend you from the lab for one year . We ALWAYS recommend making your own layer 3 logical diagram. You should also draw out the diagram for every practice lab you do. Do not wait until the real lab to draw out your first diagram. As I have said before you never want to do anything in the CCIE lab for the first time other than get your number
There are two main benefits to making your own logical layer 3 diagram. First off you will find it is easier to remember what the network looks like when reading the tasks and secondly you will be able to draw and/or take notes on your own diagram. Smart people fail the lab all the time because they make stupid mistakes in the lab and by drawing out the network you will hopefully lower the chances of making these stupid mistake (i.e. configuring RIPv2 on the wrong interface, applying an ACL inbound on one interface when it should have been outbound on another, configuring a feature on the wrong router, etc). All it takes is two or three of these little mistakes and you have lost 8 or 9 points in the lab. We all know that it is hard enough to pass the lab without adding in stupid mistakes into the mix . You will also find tasks related to BGP to be easier to answer when you have a diagram that you can take notes on (i.e. who is peering with who, which exit point to use to reach another AS, etc). It is possible that when you get into the lab that basic BGP is done for you. It is normally easier to work on a network that you built from the ground up so working on a network that is 50% complete without first taking the time to discover and document what is already done will be harder.
I am sure someone will comment on this and say, “but I won’t have time to draw out the network in the real lab”. If this is the case you should not be in the lab in the first place. If it is taking you the full 8 hours to just configure the network you more than likely will not pass the lab to begin with so taking the 10 minutes to draw out the network is not going to really matter in this case. The percentage of people who pass the lab while configuring the network for the full 8 hours is slim. Most people who pass the lab complete the lab within 5.5 or 6.5 hours and have the extra time to do the diagram in the beginning.

C. CCIE course:
1. CCIE Practical Study Volume I + II
2. CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Quick Reference Sheets (Exam 350-001 v3.0)
3. CCIE Routing and Switching Flash Cards
4. CCIE Routing and Switching Practical Labs
5. Cisco BGP-4 Command and Configuration handbook
6. Cisco Catalyst QoS: Quality of Service in Campus Network
7. Cisco Frame Relay Solutions Guide
8. Cisco LAN Switching
9. Cisco OSPF Command and Configuration Handbook
10. Developing IP Multicast Network, Volume I
11. Implementing Cisco Ipv6 Network (Ipv6)
12. Inside Cisco IOS Software Architecture
13. Internet Routing Architectures, Second Edition
14. MPLS and VPN Architectures
15. MPLS and VPN Architectures Volume II
16. Routing TCP/IP Volume I, Second Edition
17. Routing TCP/IP Volume II
18. Troubleshooting IP Routing Protocols (CCIE Professional Development Series)
19. Troubleshooting Remote Access Networks (CCIE Professional Development)
20. CCIE Routing and Switching Exam Certification Guide, 3rd Edition
21. Cisco Documentation: Web site: www.cisco.com/univercd (***)
22. Configuration Ipv6 for Cisco IOS
23. Interconnections: Bridges and Routers, Second Edition
24. Internetwork Technology Overview
25. Internetwork with TCP/IP volume: Principles, Protocols, and Architecture (4th Edition)
26. Ipv6: Theory, Protocol, and Practice, 2nd Edition
27. LAN Protocol Handbook
28. Routing in the Internet (2nd Edition)
29. TCP/IP Illustrated: volume I + II + III

E. CCIE LAB R&S via InternetworkExpert
1. Bridging and Switching
- IRB và CRB: khi cần bridge và route trên cùng 1 group interface thì dùng IRB, còn chỉ cần bridge giữa 1 group interface thì dùng CRB. Điểm khác biệt quan trọng ở đây là: IRB dùng interface BVI để route còn CRB không có khái niện interface BVI nên không thể route được.
Example:
!!cấu hình IRB để bridge và route giữa 2 physical interface frame-relay s0/0/0 và s0/0/1!!
bridge irb
bridge 1 protocol ieee
bridge 1 route ip
!
interface s0/0/0
bridge-group 1
frame-relay map bridge 201 broadcast
!
interface s0/0/1
bridge-group 1
frame-relay map bridge 202 broadcast
!
interface bvi 1
ip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0

!!cấu ihnhf CRB để bridge giữa 2 physical interface frame-relay s0/0/0 và s0/0/1!!
bridge crb
bridge 1 protocol ieee
!lưu ý không gõ lệnh “bridge 1 route ip” vì CRB không có “route” nếu gõ !lệnh này CRB sẽ không bridge được
!
interface s0/0/0
bridge-group 1
!
interface s0/0/1
bridge-group 1
!
end
wr

2. WAN Technologies
+ Trên Frame Relay, nếu DLCI của 1 subInterface Inactive thì subInterface đó sẽ down, thường dùng tính năng này kết hợp với frame-relay end-to-end keepalive để làm backup interface (khi DLCI inactive thì chuyển sang interface backup)
+ Trên PPP authentication giữa R4 s0/0/1 và R5 s0/0/1, muốn R4 chứng thực trước, R5 chứng thực sau ta dùng cấu hình như sau:
!!!R4
R4(config)#interface s0/0/1
R4(config-if)# encap ppp
R4(config-if)# ppp direction callout
R4(config-if)# ppp authen chap
!!!R5
R5(config)#interface s0/0/1
R5(config-if)# encap ppp
R5(config-if)# ppp direction callin
R5(config-if)# ppp authen chap

3. Interior Gateway Routing

+ Cấu hình OSPF
+ Cấu hình EIGRP
+ Khi cần chỉnh metric để loadbalance trên nhiều đường, đối với EIGRP chỉ nên chỉnh tham số delay trong công thức: metric = 256*(10.000.000/bandwidth(Kbps) + delay) (đối với k1=k3=1, k2=k4=k5=0, hay chỉ tính bandwidth và delay không tính các tham số: load, reliability và MTU)
+ Cấu hình RIP
+ Cấu hình Redistribute
+ Chú ý: khi cấu hình redistribute tương hỗ (2 chiều) thì luôn phải tuân thủ nguyên tắc: route từ routing domain A khi redistribute không được redistribute ngược trở lại vào domain A. Để làm điều này, dùng route-map như sau: (ví dụ: redistribute qua lại giữa OSPF và RIP trên router R4 và R5):
!!!R4 và R5:
route-map RIP->OSPF deny 10
match tag 110
!
route-map RIP->OSPF permit 20
set tag 120
!
route-map OSPF->RIP deny 10
match tag 120
!
route-map OSPF->RIP permit 20
set tag 110
!
router rip
redistribute ospf 1 metric 7 route-map OSPF->RIP
!
router ospf 1
redistribute rip subnets route-map RIP->OSPF
!
end
wr

+ Các phương thức để filter route (traffic engineer): distribute-list, offset-list, distance, prefix-list, route-map
+ Distribute-list, prefix-list, route-map: có thể filter hướng “in” và “out” đối với RIP và EIGRP, trong trường hợp này, router bị filter route sẽ không thể quảng bá route đó cho router láng giềng. Trong trường hợp OSPF chỉ có thể filter router hướng “in”, trong trường hợp này, distribute-list chỉ ngăn chặn không cho router install route bị filter vào routing table, tuy nhiên router này vẫn tiếp tục quảng bá LSA cho router láng giềng sau nó. Khi muốn filter phức tạp hơn, có thể kết hợp distribute-list và route-map để filter
Example:
!!filter route 192.168.0.0/24 -> 192.168.3.0/24!!
!!RIP!!
ip prefix-list PRE_FILTER deny 192.168.0.0/22 ge 24 le 24
ip prefix-list PRE_FILTER permit 0.0.0.0/0 le 32
!
router rip
distribute-list prefix PRE_FILTER in/out

!!EIGRP AS 100!!
router eigrp 100
distribute-list prefix PRE_FILTER in/out

!!OSPF!!
router ospf 1
distribute-list prefix PRE_FILTER in

!!giả sử Router A nhận được 4 subnet 192.168.0.0/24 -> 192.168.3.0/24 từ 2 Router B,C với địa chỉ IP của B,C lần lượt là: 172.16.1.1 và 172.16.2.2. Thực hiện filter trên Router A để Router A chỉ đi đến 4 subnet trên qua router B!!
!!RIP!!
ip access-list extended ACL_FILTER
deny ip host 172.16.2.2 192.168.0.0 0.0.0.255
deny ip host 172.16.2.2 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255
deny ip host 172.16.2.2 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255
deny ip host 172.16.2.2 192.168.3.0 0.0.0.255
permit ip any any
!
router rip
distribute-list ACL_FILTER in

!!EIGRP AS 100!!
ip prefix-list PRE_FILTER permit 192.168.0.0/22 ge 24 le 24
!
route-map RM_FILTER deny 10
match ip address prefix-list PRE_FILTER
match ip next-hop 172.16.2.2
route-map RM_FILTER permit 100
!
router eigrp 100
distribute-list route-map RM_FILTER in

!!OSPF!!
ip prefix-list PRE_FILTER permit 192.168.0.0/22 ge 24 le 24
!
route-map RM_FILTER deny 10
match ip address prefix-list PRE_FILTER
match ip next-hop 172.16.2.2
route-map RM_FILTER permit 100
!
router ospf 1
distribute-list route-map RM_FILTER in

E. IP Multicast
Example:
!! R3 candidate RP group 239.0.0.0 -> 239.255.255.255!!
ip access-list standard ACL_52
permit 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
ip pim send-rp-announce Loopback0 scope 16 group-list ACL_52

!! R5 candidate RP group 226.0.0.0 -> 238.255.255.255!!
ip access-list standard ACL_52
permit 226.0.0.0 1.255.255.255
permit 228.0.0.0 3.255.255.255
permit 232.0.0.0 3.255.255.255
permit 236.0.0.0 1.255.255.255
permit 238.0.0.0 0.255.255.255


!!Mapping-Agent or BootStrap Router!!
ip pim send-rp-discovery Loopback0 scope 16
ip pim rp-announce-filter rp-list ACL_R3 group-list ACL_GROUP_R3
ip pim rp-announce-filter rp-list ACL_R5 group-list ACL_GROUP_R5
!
ip access-list standard ACL_GROUP_R3
permit 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
!
ip access-list standard ACL_GROUP_R5
deny 224.0.0.0 1.255.255.255
deny 239.0.0.0 0.255.255.255
permit 224.0.0.0 15.255.255.255
!
ip access-list standard ACL_R3
permit 150.1.3.3
!
ip access-list standard ACL_R5
permit 150.1.5.5

Backup and Restore Cisco IOS

The copy command isn’t limited to simply backing up or restoring configuration files. It can also be used to copy your current IOS image to a TFTP server, or to apply a new IOS image to your router. Recall that the Cisco IOS image is stored in Flash memory. Before deciding to install a new IOS image, be sure that your router has enough Flash memory to support the image. Images from different feature sets may require more Flash memory than you currently have installed.

To back up the current IOS to a TFTP server, use the copy flash tftp command.

cisco2501#copy flash tftp
Source filename []? d1205.bin
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.21
Destination filename [d1205.bin]?
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
3289170 bytes copied in 47.668 secs (69982 bytes/sec)

While the copy operation to the TFTP server is completing, the exclamation points shown will scroll across the screen – I have eliminated many of these in order to save space. You will notice that the command requires us to provide information on the image filename and the IP address of the TFTP server. If you’re not sure of the name of the image stored in Flash, use the show flash command.

Router#show flash

System flash directory:
File Length Name/status
1 3289170 d1206.bin
[3289236 bytes used, 905068 available, 4194304 total]
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)

Since this router has only 4 MB of Flash, we are obviously limited to an image that will fit within that space. The contents of Flash can also be viewed using the dir command. You will always need to know the name of the images you want to back up or restore. You should also ensure that the TFTP server is available and has enough room to store the image prior to attempting a backup.

Copying a new IOS image from a TFTP server to Flash involves issuing the command copy tftp flash.

cisco2501#copy tftp flash
Address or name of remote host []? 192.168.1.21
Source filename []? d1206.bin
Destination filename [d1206.bin]?
Accessing tftp://192.168.1.21/d1206.bin...
Erase flash: before copying? [confirm]
Erasing the flash filesystem will remove all files! Continue? [confirm]
Erasing device... eeeeeeeeeeeeeeee ...erased
Erase of flash: complete
Loading d1206.bin from 192.168.1.21 (via Ethernet0): !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
[OK - 3289170/6578176 bytes]
Verifying checksum... OK (0xB6BD)
3289170 bytes copied in 89.272 secs (36956 bytes/sec)

Notice that Flash memory was erased completely before the new image was copied over to it. Otherwise, there would not have been enough space to complete the copy process. You’ll also need to issue the reload command after updating the IOS. Finally, use the show version command to ensure that the router is now running the IOS version that you intended to install. Show version also provides a quick and easy way to learn more about your router’s hardware, software, and memory.

Cisco2501#show version
Cisco Internetwork Operating System Software
IOS (tm) 2500 Software (C2500-D-L), Version 12.0(5), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Copyright (c) 1986-1999 by cisco Systems, Inc.
Compiled Tue 15-Jun-99 20:08 by phanguye
Image text-base: 0x0000144C, data-base: 0x00637308
ROM: System Bootstrap, Version 5.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE
BOOTFLASH: 3000 Bootstrap Software (IGS-RXBOOT), Version 10.2(8a), RELEASE SOFTWARE (fc1)
Router uptime is 2 days, 8 hours, 9 minutes
System restarted by reload
System image file is "flash:d1206.bin"
cisco 2500 (68030) processor (revision A) with 16384K/2048K bytes of memory.
Processor board ID 02285256, with hardware revision 00000000
Bridging software.
X.25 software, Version 3.0.0.
1 Ethernet/IEEE 802.3 interface(s)
2 Serial network interface(s)
32K bytes of non-volatile configuration memory.
4096K bytes of processor board System flash (Read/Write)
Configuration register is 0×2102

On some routers, including those in the Cisco 2500 series, IOS upgrades should be done from the limited IOS version stored in ROM. Depending upon your model and IOS version, you may be prompted to boot into the ROM-based image after issuing the copy tftp flash command, or you may need to change what are known as configuration register settings.

Saturday, August 23, 2008

Cisco Press ICND2 Feb 2008

Contents at a Glance

Chapter 1 Review of Cisco IOS for Routers and Switches 3
Chapter 2 Medium-Sized Switched Network Construction 13
Chapter 3 Medium-Sized Routed Network Construction 97
Chapter 4 Single-Area OSPF Implementation 139
Chapter 5 Implementing EIGRP 171
Chapter 6 Managing Traffic with Access Control Lists 205
Chapter 7 Managing Address Spaces with NAT and IPv6 249
Chapter 8 Extending the Network into the WAN 297

Link to download:
Cisco Press ICND2 Feb 2008

Thursday, August 21, 2008

CCNA final test 640-802. Version 2.0 05/25/2008

CCNA final test 640-802. Version 2.0 05/25/2008
New version of CCNA-640-802.
Updated: 05/25/2008
Link download:
CCNA final test 640-802. Version 2.0 05/25/2008

Thursday, August 14, 2008

CCNP Video Mentor (Size: 792 MB)

Descriptions:
1.BSCI
2.BCMSN
3.ISCW
4.ONT

AND MANY MORE USEFULL FOR CCNP
Part1
Part2
Part3
Part4
Part5
Part6
Part7
Part8
Part9

Cisco Press - Complete CCNP Video Mentor
Part1
Part2
Part3
Part4
Part5
Part6
Part7
Part8

BSCI 642-901 Train Signal

CD01:
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4

CD02:
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4

BCMSN 642-812 Train Signal

Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6


CBT Nuggets Cisco CCNP 642-812 BCMSN - Video Tutorial

Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
Part 4
Part 5
Part 6

BCMSN other:
BCMSN

Cisco CCNP - Exam-Pack 642-825 ISCW


Part 1
Part 2
Part 3

Cisco CCNP - Exam-Pack 642-845 ONT - Part1
Cisco CCNP - Exam-Pack 642-845 ONT - Part2
Cisco CCNP - Exam-Pack 642-845 ONT - Part3
Cisco CCNP - Exam-Pack 642-845 ONT - Part4

Test Inside for CCNP -- BSCI 642-901, BCMSN 642-812,ISCW 642-825, ONT 642-845

BSCI 642-901

BCMSN 642-812

ISCW 642-825


ONT 642-845

IP Subnet Calculations

IP Subnet Calculations


1. IP Addressing

At this point you should know that IP, the Internet Protocol, is a network layer (OSI layer 3) protocol, used to route packets between hosts on different networks. To suit this purpose, IP must define an addressing scheme, so that a packet's intended destination can be indicated.

An IP address is composed of 32 bits. These 32 bits are divided into 4 octets of 8 bits each. You may have seen an IP address represented like this: 172.68.15.24. We must remember, however, that the computer understands this number only in binary, so we must often deal with them in binary. Many people are intimidated by this initially, but soon find that it is not difficult. If you do not allow yourself to be flustered, you can master this topic.

IP addresses are assigned to organizations in blocks. Each block belongs to one of three classes: class A, class B, or class C. You can tell what class an IP address is by the value in its first octet.

Class A


1-126

Class B


128-191

Class C


192 -->

An IP address consists of two fields. The first field identifies the network, and the second field identifies the node on the network. Which bits of the address are in the network field and which bits are in the host field is determined by the subnet mask.

When a class A IP license is granted, you are assigned something like this: 99.0.0.0. Only the value of the bits in the first octet is assigned. This means you are free to assign any values you wish in the second, third and fourth octets.

The default subnet mask for a class A network is 255.0.0.0. High bits, ones, indicate the bits that are part of the network field of the IP address. The default subnet mask does not create subnets. Therefore, a class A network with the default subnet mask is one network. The three octets that are unassigned and unmasked are part of the host field of the address. There is a total of 24 bits in those three octets. Each bit can be in one of two states. Therefore, 2^24 is the number of host addresses that can be assigned on that network, almost. Two addresses are reserved on every network, x.x.x.0 and x.x.x.255. So the total number of hosts possible on this network is 2^24. 2^24-2=16,777,214 hosts for a class A IP network.

When a class B license is granted, the first two octets are assigned. For example, 172.198.x.x. The default subnet mask for a class B is 255.255.0.0. One network, two octets free, 16 bits for the host address field. 2^16-2=65,534 possible host addresses on a class B IP network.

When a class C license is granted, the first three octets are assigned, for example: 193.52.16.0. The default subnet mask for a class C is 255.255.255.0. Once octet makes up the host address field. 2^8-2=254 host addresses possible on a class C network.
2. Reason for Subnetting

We said that the default subnet mask for a class A IP network is 255.0.0.0. Once octet only of a class A network address identifies the network, with this subnet mask. This leaves three octets of 8 bits each, or 24 bits, to identify the host on that one network. 2^24=16,777,216 addresses. Two addresses are reserved, x.x.x.0 and x.x.x.255. 16,777,214 nodes can be assigned an IP address on this network.

It is highly unlikely that any organization would want one network of 16,777,214 nodes. They might want that many devices connected in a wide area network (WAN), thus capable of communicating when necessary, but they will want to subdivide this huge network into mostly self-contained subnetworks of nodes that communicate with each other often. This is called subnetting.

To understand why, consider what would happen in either a broadcast or a token passing network that consisted of over 16,000,000 nodes. Nothing would happen. It simply would not work. Though the problem is not as drastic, class B and class C IP networks are often subnetted, also.

The subnet mask is used to subdivide an IP network into subnets. This is a division that takes place in OSI layer 3, so it is a logical division that is created by the addressing scheme. This logical division is usually combined with a physical division. Many subnets are physically isolated from the rest of the network by a device such as a router or a switch. This aspect of subnetting is discussed in Unit 3--Data Link Layer.
3. How Subnetting Works

The bits of an address that are masked by the subnet mask are the bits that make up the network field of the address. To subnet, the default subnet mask for a network is extended to cover bits of the address that would otherwise be part of the host field. Once these bits are masked, they become part of the network field, and are used to identify subnets of the larger network.

Here is where we begin dealing with both addresses and subnet masks in binary. Get yourself a cold beverage, stretch, take a deep breath and don't worry. Once you get your brain around the concepts, it is not difficult. You just have to keep trying until the light goes on.
3.1 Translating Binary to Decimal

Both IP addresses and subnet masks are composed of 32 bits divided into 4 octets of 8 bits each. Here is how a single octet translates from binary to decimal. Consider an octet of all ones: 11111111.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 --- -- -- -- - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255

Here's another: 10111001
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 --- -- -- -- - - - - 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1 128 + 0 + 32 +16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 185

and 00000000
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 --- -- -- -- - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 0
3.2 Converting Decimal to Binary

Converting decimal to binary is similar. Consider 175:
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 --- -- -- -- - - - - 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 128 + 0 + 32 + 0 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 175

175=10101111
3.3 Simple Subnetting

The simplest way to subnet is to take the octet in the subnet mask that covers the first unassigned octet in the IP address block, and make all its bits high. Remember, a high bit, a 1, in the subnet mask indicates that that corresponding bit in the IP address is part of the network field. So, if you have a class B network 172.160.0.0, with the subnet mask 255.255.0.0, you have one network with 65, 534 possible addresses. If you take that subnet mask and make all the bits in the third octet high
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 --- -- -- -- - - - - 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255

you get the subnet mask 255.255.255.0.
172.60. 0. 0 255.255.255.0

Now the third octet of all the addresses on this network is part of the network field instead of the host field. That is one octet, or eight bits, that can be manipulated to create subnets. 2^8-2=254 possible subnets now on this class B network.

One octet is left for the host field. 2^8-2=254 possible host addressed on each subnet.
3.4 Advanced Subnetting

That is the simplest way to subnet, but it may not be the most desirable. You might not want 254 subnets on your class B network. Instead, you might use a subnet mask like 255.255.224.0. How many subnets would this give you? The first step is to see how many bits are allocated to the network by this mask.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 --- -- -- -- - - - - 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 128 + 64 + 32 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = 224

3 bits are allocated. 2^3-2=6 subnets.

How many hosts on each subnet? Well, 5 bits from this octet are left for the host field, and 8 bits in the fourth octet, for a total of 13 bits in the host field. 2^13-2=8190 possible hosts on each subnet.

The subnet mask is always extended by masking off the next bit in the address, from left to right. Thus, the last octet in the subnet mask will always be one of these: 128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254 or 255.

Given the IP address of a host and the subnet address for the network, you need to be able to calculate which subnet that host is on. To do this we compare the binary representation of the pertinent octet of the subnet mask with the binary representation of the corresponding octet in the IP address. Example:
IP address=172.60.50.2 subnet mask=255.255.224.0 50= 00110010 224=11100000

We perform a logical on these two numbers. We will be left with only the bits where there is a one in both octets.
00110010 11100000 -------- 00100000=32

This host is on subnet 172.60.32.0.

We also need to be able to find the range of assignable IP addresses on this subnet. To do this, we take the binary that tells us the subnet address, in this case 00100000, and compare it with the subnet mask.
00100000 11100000

The bits converted by the mask we will leave as they are. The rest of the bits we make high. So
00100000 11100000 -------- 0011111=63

The range of assignable IP addresses on the subnet 172.60.32.0 is 172.60.32.1-172.60.63.254.

On every network and subnet, two addresses are reserved. At the low end of the range of addresses for the network or subnet, in this case 172.60.64.0, is the address for the network or subnet itself. The address at the high end of the range of addresses, in this case 172.60.95.255, is the broadcast address. Any message sent to the broadcast address will be received by every host on the network.

Wednesday, August 13, 2008

Implementing Secure Converged Wide Area Networks

CCNA Exams: 642-825

Download link:

CCNA download link for exams 642-825

640-802 CCENT-CCNA Exam Certification Guides


Exam Topics


The following topics are general guidelines for the content likely to be included on the Cisco Certified Network Associate exam. However, other related topics may also appear on any specific delivery of the exam. In order to better reflect the contents of the exam and for clarity purposes, the guidelines below may change at any time without notice.
Describe how a network works

* Describe the purpose and functions of various network devices
* Select the components required to meet a network specification
* Use the OSI and TCP/IP models and their associated protocols to explain how data flows in a network
* Describe common networked applications including web applications
* Describe the purpose and basic operation of the protocols in the OSI and TCP models
* Describe the impact of applications (Voice Over IP and Video Over IP) on a network
* Interpret network diagrams
* Determine the path between two hosts across a network
* Describe the components required for network and Internet communications
* Identify and correct common network problems at layers 1, 2, 3 and 7 using a layered model approach
* Differentiate between LAN/WAN operation and features


Configure, verify and troubleshoot a switch with VLANs and interswitch communications

* Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect switches to other network devices and hosts
* Explain the technology and media access control method for Ethernet networks
* Explain network segmentation and basic traffic management concepts
* Explain basic switching concepts and the operation of Cisco switches
* Perform and verify initial switch configuration tasks including remote access management
* Verify network status and switch operation using basic utilities (including: ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH, arp, ipconfig), SHOW & DEBUG commands
* Identify, prescribe, and resolve common switched network media issues, configuration issues, auto negotiation, and switch hardware failures
* Describe enhanced switching technologies (including: VTP, RSTP, VLAN, PVSTP, 802.1q)
* Describe how VLANs create logically separate networks and the need for routing between them
* Configure, verify, and troubleshoot VLANs
* Configure, verify, and troubleshoot trunking on Cisco switches
* Configure, verify, and troubleshoot interVLAN routing
* Configure, verify, and troubleshoot VTP
* Configure, verify, and troubleshoot RSTP operation
* Interpret the output of various show and debug commands to verify the operational status of a Cisco switched network.
* Implement basic switch security (including: port security, trunk access, management vlan other than vlan1, etc.)


Implement an IP addressing scheme and IP Services to meet network requirements in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

* Describe the operation and benefits of using private and public IP addressing
* Explain the operation and benefits of using DHCP and DNS
* Configure, verify and troubleshoot DHCP and DNS operation on a router.(including: CLI/SDM)
* Implement static and dynamic addressing services for hosts in a LAN environment
* Calculate and apply an addressing scheme including VLSM IP addressing design to a network
* Determine the appropriate classless addressing scheme using VLSM and summarization to satisfy addressing requirements in a LAN/WAN environment
* Describe the technological requirements for running IPv6 in conjunction with IPv4 (including: protocols, dual stack, tunneling, etc).
* Describe IPv6 addresses
* Identify and correct common problems associated with IP addressing and host configurations


Configure, verify, and troubleshoot basic router operation and routing on Cisco devices

* Describe basic routing concepts (including: packet forwarding, router lookup process)
* Describe the operation of Cisco routers (including: router bootup process, POST, router components)
* Select the appropriate media, cables, ports, and connectors to connect routers to other network devices and hosts
* Configure, verify, and troubleshoot RIPv2
* Access and utilize the router to set basic parameters.(including: CLI/SDM)
* Connect, configure, and verify operation status of a device interface
* Verify device configuration and network connectivity using ping, traceroute, telnet, SSH or other utilities
* Perform and verify routing configuration tasks for a static or default route given specific routing requirements
* Manage IOS configuration files. (including: save, edit, upgrade, restore)
* Manage Cisco IOS.
* Compare and contrast methods of routing and routing protocols
* Configure, verify, and troubleshoot OSPF
* Configure, verify, and troubleshoot EIGRP
* Verify network connectivity (including: using ping, traceroute, and telnet or SSH)
* Troubleshoot routing issues
* Verify router hardware and software operation using SHOW & DEBUG commands.
* Implement basic router security


Explain and select the appropriate administrative tasks required for a WLAN

* Describe standards associated with wireless media (including: IEEE WI-FI Alliance, ITU/FCC)
* Identify and describe the purpose of the components in a small wireless network. (Including: SSID, BSS, ESS)
* Identify the basic parameters to configure on a wireless network to ensure that devices connect to the correct access point
* Compare and contrast wireless security features and capabilities of WPA security (including: open, WEP, WPA-1/2)
* Identify common issues with implementing wireless networks. (Including: Interface, missconfiguration)


Identify security threats to a network and describe general methods to mitigate those threats

* Describe today's increasing network security threats and explain the need to implement a comprehensive security policy to mitigate the threats
* Explain general methods to mitigate common security threats to network devices, hosts, and applications
* Describe the functions of common security appliances and applications
* Describe security recommended practices including initial steps to secure network devices


Implement, verify, and troubleshoot NAT and ACLs in a medium-size Enterprise branch office network.

* Describe the purpose and types of ACLs
* Configure and apply ACLs based on network filtering requirements.(including: CLI/SDM)
* Configure and apply an ACLs to limit telnet and SSH access to the router using (including: SDM/CLI)
* Verify and monitor ACLs in a network environment
* Troubleshoot ACL issues
* Explain the basic operation of NAT
* Configure NAT for given network requirements using (including: CLI/SDM)
* Troubleshoot NAT issues


Implement and verify WAN links

* Describe different methods for connecting to a WAN
* Configure and verify a basic WAN serial connection
* Configure and verify Frame Relay on Cisco routers
* Troubleshoot WAN implementation issues
* Describe VPN technology (including: importance, benefits, role, impact, components)
* Configure and verify a PPP connection between Cisco routers



Download link

Monday, August 11, 2008

Testking 640-80 Version 9

CCNA testking 640-80 version 9 -- include Question and Answer
Download link:

Download link

Some network tool for learning CCNA

IP Adressing and subnetting



IP Plan
IP Plan

Case study


Skill CCNA 640 - 801 Semester 1
http://www.box.net/shared/ivvanajgg0


CCNA summary
http://files.myopera.com/Dlavega/NoBlog/CCNAv4%20Summary.rar

Sunday, August 10, 2008

Useful tools: tool to calculate subnet

This tool is used to calculate subnet
Link to download:
http://www.youthgeneration.net/forum/index.php?topic=11.0

Dynamips -- Simulate Cissco Router

Introduction

Dynamips is a Cisco router emulator written by Christophe Fillot. It emulates 1700, 2600, 3600, 3700, and 7200 hardware platforms, and runs standard IOS images. In Chris’ own words:



This kind of emulator would be useful to:

· Be used as a training platform, with software used in real world. It would allow people to become more familiar with Cisco devices, Cisco being the world leader in networking technologies ;

· Test and experiment features of Cisco IOS ;

· Check quickly configurations to be deployed later on real routers.



Of course, this emulator cannot replace a real router, it is simply a complementary tool to real labs for administrators of Cisco networks or people wanting to pass their CCNA/CCNP/CCIE exams.



Although Dynamips provides a simple virtual switch, it does not emulate Catalyst switches (although it does emulate the NM-16ESW).



Dynagen is a text-based front end for Dynamips, which uses the “Hypervisor” mode for communication with Dynamips. Dynagen simplifies building and working with virtual networks:

* Uses a simple, easy to understand configuration file for specifying virtual router hardware configurations
* Simple syntax for interconnecting routers, bridges, frame-relay and ATM, and Ethernet switches. No need to deal with NetIOs
* Can work in a client / server mode, with Dynagen running on your workstation communicating with Dynamips running on a back-end server. Dynagen can also control multiple Dynamips servers simultaneously for distributing large virtual networks across several machines. Or you can run Dynamips and Dyngen on the same system
* Provides a management CLI for listing devices, starting, stopping, reloading, suspending, resuming, and connecting to the consoles of virtual routers.



Dynagen is written in Python, and is therefore compatible with any platform for which there is a Python interpreter (which is to say, many). The design is modular, with a separate OOP API for interfacing with Dynamips. Other Python applications could be written that use this API for programmatically provisioning virtual networks, or to provide other front-ends. For example, a team is working on GNS-3; a GUI front-end using this library.

Download link

Home site

Slide for CCNA -- Semester 4

1.CCNA4_M6_Network_Management.pdf
2.CCNA4_M5_Frame_Relay.pdf
3.CCNA4_M4_ISDN_and_DDR.pdf
4.CCNA4_M3_PPP.pdf
5.CCNA4_M2_WAN_Technologies.pdf
6.CCNA4_M1_Scaling_IP_Address.pdf

Download link

Slide for CCNA -- Semester 3

1.CCNA3_Open_Lab.pdf
2.CCNA3_M9_VLAN_Trunking_Protocol.pdf
3.CCNA3_M8_Virtual_LANs.pdf
4.CCNA3_M7_Spanning-Tree_Protocol.pdf
5.CCNA3_M6_Switch_configuration.pdf
6.CCNA3_M5_Switches.pdf
7.CCNA3_M4_Switching_Concepts.pdf
8.CCNA3_M3_EIGRP.pdf
9.CCNA3_M2_Single_Area_OSPF.pdf
10.CCNA3_M1_Introduction_Classless_Routing.pdf

Download link

Slide for CCNA -- Semester 2

1.CCNA2_Open_Lab.pdf
2.CCNA2_M9_Basic_Router_Troubleshooting.pdf
3.CCNA2_M8_TCIPIP_Error_Control_Messages.pdf
4.CCNA2_M7_Distance_vector_Routing_Protocol.pdf
5.CCNA2_M6_Routing_and_Routing_Protocols.pdf
6.CCNA2_M5_Managing_Cisco_IOS_Software.pdf
7.CCNA2_M4_Learning_about_other_devices.pdf
8.CCNA2_M3_Configuring_a_Router.pdf
9.CCNA2_M2_Introduction_to_Router.pdf
10.CCNA2_M11_Access_Control_Lists.pdf
11.CCNA2_M10_Intermediate_TCPIP.pdf
12.CCNA2_M1_WANs_and_Routers.pdf

Download link

Slide For CCNA -- Semester 1

1. CCNA1_M9_TCP_IP_and_IP_Addressing.pdf
2. CCNA1_M8_Ethernet_Switching.pdf
3. CCNA1_M7_Ethernet_Technologies.pdf
4. CCNA1_M6_Ethernet_Fundamentals.pdf
5. CCNA1_M5_Cabling_LANs_WANs.pdf
6. CCNA1_M4_Cable_Testing.pdf
7. CCNA1_M3_Networking_Media.pdf
8. CCNA1_M2_Networking_Fundamentals.pdf
9. CCNA1_M11_TCPIP_Transport_Application.pdf
10. CCNA1_M10_Routing_Fundamentals_Subnets.pdf
11. CCNA1_M1_Introduction_to_Networking.pdf
12. CCNA1_CaseStudy_Structured_Cabling.pdf
13. CCNA Introduction.pdf

Download link

Saturday, August 9, 2008

MS-Training kit 070-229, 070-270, 070-291,070-292,070-293,070-294,070-296,070-320 exams

1. Exam Title: Designing and Implementing Databases
with Microsoft SQL Server 2000
Exam Number: 070-229

2.070-270 Installing, Configuring, and Administering Microsoft Windows XP Professional

3.070-291 Implementing, Managing, and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Network Infrastructure


4.070-292 Managing and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment for an MCSA Certified on Windows 2000

5.070-293 Planning and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Network Infrastructure


6.070-294 Planning, Implementing, and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Active Directory® Infrastructure


7.070-296 Planning, Implementing, and Maintaining a Microsoft® Windows® Server 2003 Environment for an MCSE Certified on Windows 2000


8.070-305 Developing and Implementing Web Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET

9.070-306 Developing and Implementing Windows-based Applications with Microsoft Visual Basic .NET and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET

10.070-320 Developing XML Web Services and Server Components with Microsoft Visual C# .NET and the Microsoft .NET Framework

Download link:
http://www.youthgeneration.net/forum/index.php?topic=6.0

Exam Cissco 642-061Routing and Switching Solutions for System Engineers -- Question and Answer


Cissco 642-061Routing and Switching Solutions for System Engineers
Version: 08-07-08P

Please download via link:

http://www.youthgeneration.net/forum/index.php?board=3.0

MS-Training Kit 70-292 and 70-296

MCSA/MCSE Self-Paced Training Kit (Exams 70-292 and 70-296): Upgrading Your Certification to Microsoft® Windows Server™ 2003



MCSA/MCSE Self-Paced Training Kit (Exams 70-292 and 70-296): Upgrading Your Certification to Microsoft® Windows Server™ 2003
Author Dan Holme and Orin Thomas, Editors
Pages 1488
Disk 1 Companion CD(s); 1 Evaluation CD(s)
Level All Levels
Published 09/24/2003
ISBN 9780735619715
Price $69.99
To see this book's discounted price, select a reseller below.




More Information

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About the Book

Get official, all-in-one exam prep, practice, and review for Exams 70-292 and 70-296.

Upgrade your MCSA or MCSE certification—and your job skills—to Windows Server 2003 with this official Microsoft study guide for Exams 70-292 and 70-296. Work at your own pace through a system of lessons, hands-on exercises, troubleshooting labs, and review questions to maximize your performance on the upgrade exams.

The Readiness Review Suite powered by MeasureUp provides 850 challenging questions on CD for in-depth self-assessment and practice. You can choose timed or untimed testing mode, generate random tests, or focus on specific objectives. You get detailed explanations for right and wrong answers—including a customized learning path that describes how and where to focus your studies.

You also get expert exam tips plus a full review section inside the book that covers all objectives and subobjectives for both exams, including:

MCSA/MCSE Exam 70-292

Implement, manage, and maintain:
•Users, computers, and groups
•Access to resources
•Software update services
•Remote access and Web servers
•Disaster recovery
•Name resolution
•Network security

MCSE Exam 70-296

Plan, implement, and maintain:
•Server roles and server security
•Network infrastructure
•Server availability
•Network security and security infrastructure
•Active Directory infrastructure
•User, computer, and group strategies
•Group Policy

Readiness Review Suite on CD
Powered by MeasureUp

Your kit includes:

•NEW—Fully reengineered study guide covering two exams, two certification tracks. Includes complete objective-by-objective review plus expert exam tips.
•NEW—Readiness Review Suite featuring 425 questions per exam and multiple testing options.
•NEW—Case scenarios and troubleshooting labs for real-world expertise.
•NEW—180-day evaluation version of Windows Server 2003, Enterprise Edition.
•NEW—Fully searchable eBook.
•NEW—Microsoft Encyclopedia of Security eBook.
•Microsoft Encyclopedia of Networking, Second Edition, eBook.

Download link:

http://www.youthgeneration.net/forum/index.php?topic=4.msg4#msg4

Friday, August 8, 2008

CCNA All-In-One


CCNA All-In-One with all answers

Following is download link :

CCNA All In One
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